In November, the Alumni Network Hungary hosted Szilvia Juhász, PhD cancer researcher and the leader of the Cancer Microbiome Core Group at the Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM) in Szeged. In our interview, she discussed her team’s research on the complex connection between the microbiome and cancer and highlighted the role of diet in gut health.
You are the leader of the Cancer Microbiome Core Group at HCEMM in Szeged. In brief, what does your team research?
We investigate the complex interplay between cancer and the microbiome focusing on the microbiome’s role in genomic instability, cancer initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Our research examines the interactions between the host and microbiome, recognising that the human body sustains a diverse microbial community forming a dynamic, synergistic system that co-evolves with the physiological development of the host. Recent advances highlight how microbiomes impact health through molecular mechanisms and metabolites that shape developmental pathways leading to health outcomes with lifelong implications.
A key area of our research focuses on bacterial virulence, categorized into cytosolic, membrane-associated, and secretory factors. These factors help bacteria adapt, evade immune defences, and disrupt host cells. We have developed an advanced bacterial-human cell infection model to explore how specific bacteria and their virulence factors affect immune responses and cancer progression. By integrating genomics, microbiology, and bioinformatics, we aim to develop microbiome-based diagnostics and therapies in oncology.
What would be an ideal diet for a healthy microbiome?
A good diet nurtures a diverse and balanced gut microbiome, which is essential for overall well-being. The foundation of such a diet is fibre-rich, focusing on plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. These fibres feed beneficial gut bacteria, promoting better digestion, immune function, and mental health.
Incorporating fermented foods is another key component. Foods like yoghurt, kefir, kimchi, and sauerkraut provide probiotics—live beneficial bacteria that enhance gut balance, support digestion, and modulate the immune system.
Polyphenol-rich foods, such as berries, dark chocolate, green tea, and turmeric, are also important. Their antioxidants help reduce gut inflammation and support the growth of healthy bacteria. Polyphenols act as prebiotics, further nourishing the microbiome.
Healthy fats, particularly omega-3s from fatty fish, avocados, nuts, and seeds, play a vital role by reducing inflammation and fostering beneficial bacteria.
An ideal microbiome-friendly diet minimizes ultra-processed foods and refined sugars, which can feed harmful bacteria and disrupt gut balance. Limiting red and processed meats is also advisable, as excessive consumption can negatively impact gut health and increase chronic disease risks. Finally, staying well-hydrated with water, herbal teas, or broths supports digestion and helps maintain the intestinal lining, protecting gut microbes.
Taken together, an ideal diet for a healthy microbiome is one that is diverse, nutrient-rich, and plant-forward, while minimizing processed foods and excessive animal products. By focusing on whole, nutrient-dense foods and promoting microbial diversity, this kind of diet supports not only gut health but also broader physical and mental well-being.
This answer is based on this study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-01055-1
What is the next phase in your research at the Cancer Microbiome Core Group at HCEMM?
We will build on the progress we made in 2024. We are grateful to have a team of motivated young researchers and students who contribute fresh perspectives and enthusiasm to our work. Moving forward, we will continue to deepen our understanding of how the microbiome influences cancer initiation and progression. A key focus will be to expand our research by integrating new technologies and promoting collaborations with experts in the field. We aim to develop partnerships that explore the complex relationship between the microbiome and cancer, to advance both research and clinical practice. Ultimately, we hope our findings will contribute to the development of practical diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
The HCEMM is also open for motivated PhD students. What does the lab offer for them? Is it also available for international PhD students?
At HCEMM, we provide a supportive and collaborative environment for PhD students interested in cancer and microbiome research. Our lab offers the opportunity to work on innovative projects, combining genomic, microbiological, and bioinformatic approaches. PhD students can contribute to important research while gaining hands-on experience in a dynamic and well-resourced setting. We also offer opportunities for professional growth, with access to various training programs and the chance to collaborate with other researchers in the field. Although we are a relatively young team, we are dedicated to creating a welcoming and inclusive environment for all our students. HCEMM is open to international PhD students and we aim to create a diverse and enriching research environment that promotes learning and scientific development for all.